There are other methods for indirectly estimating the output voltage,
but again these apply only to non-sparking TC's. These typically include
E-field measurements or computing output from secondary base current
measurements. A search of the Pupman archives will show many discussions
over the years about pros and cons of various measurement approaches.
Another method is to measure the current from the secondary coil
top to the toroid and from the toroid to the breakout point with a DSO.
Net current to the top is calculated from the difference of both. Top
voltage is derived from the toroids capacitance and net current.
That has been done with the Electrum and somebody sitting in the top load,
by Hydron and myself with a battery operated scope mounted near the toroid.
Udo
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