[TCML] Square Aluminum Tubing Primary

[Harvey Norris <harvich@xxxxxxxxx>]

http://deanostoybox.com/temp/DSCN3241.jpg
Heres one of an experimental pentagonal primary of 1 ft square aluminum conductors where four of these winds surround a central fifth wind to secure internal capacity between outer windings 1-4 and central wind no 5; where the dielectric between the square windings is hot glue and a further set of 8 winds of Radio Shack Mega Cable that spiral around the square primaries at every corner junction, and its flattened  insulated braided wire covers half of the central conductors surface area. The capacity between outer square windings 1-4 and central square winding 5 is near .5 nf and if the 8 Megacable winds are added in series with the outer 4 winds making for 12 outer windings the open circuit capacity between winds 12 and 13 becomes near 1 nf.  For some reason the arc gap would not fire when placed between winds 12 and 13, but when only 5 windings were used arcing between the corner segments probably striking the intervening insulated MegaCable wire
 occured.  A more practical application for this pentagonal internal capacity is as a (resonant)antennae receptor.  The central wind could be grounded at a more distant location; the loops aimed towards the direction of a grounded TC and the remaining insulated winds 1-12 could be given the appropriate capacity to resonate according to their inductance of their windings and the operating frequency of the TC.  A small neon bulb might be employed as a load on the antennae and the antennae employed with a variety of external capacities in the loop to see if one of these lights the neon at more distant locations from the grounded TC secondary. With this design the antennae may have a discreet C value reference to ground, which may afford advantages in harnessing ground currents. Essentially the center wind of five square aluminum 1 ft pentagonal segments, ( may not be visible in the jpeg) could be grounded as a one ended capacity, where other tests indicate
 the viability of one wire conductions as indicated by the following experiment.
     Four of these 1 ft aluminum sections were arranged in a square around another inner square set of delivery wires, and the center connection of these two square shaped windings becomes a neon driven by a solid state NST outputing 20 khz. The square surface areas of the delivery wires do not prevent the neon from lighting. However if the inner and outer windings are taped together with a glass dielectric, ( this reads 1/4 nf) the bulb then illiminates from one end only. This may stand to reason since 1 quarter nf is quite a delivery loss at 20 khz. However if one end of the high voltage connection is removed, the bulb then illuminates along its entire length!  Apparently the inner ring as a source of polar capacity works better then the actual complete circuit. Here are some previous descriptions  with additional comments made of the assembly pictured in the jpeg where the five pentagonal rings were constructed;
     It became
necessary to construct this as a pentagon, using 1 ft
by .5 X.5 in dimensions. Five winds have been
connected in such a way that the pattern resembles a
horiz and vert lateral cross; with the central wind
being one set, and winds 1-4 being another set, where
the central wind uses its entire surface area,(5 *.5 *
4)= 10 sq inch as the internal capacity of the
(primary)coil itself. The insulation between the winds
is a combination of superglue and PVC Radio Shack
Megacable speaker wire, that itself spirals around
this central wind for a total of (5 * 4 = 20) turns
around the pentagon. Thus an additional interweaving
set of winds is available for the purpose of measuring
a "lorentz force interaction" between the central and
outer windings. This should only be the case if the
current directions between the central wind and the
outer winds are in opposition, thus reducing the
inductance of the primary. But in this case both the
magnetic fields of the individual outer conductor
winds and the central one will be in magnetic
agreement on adjacent conductors, and both a
orthogonal electric and magnetic field should be
present to move the free electrons of the speaker wire
on the third right angle of space as the interweaving
wire is laid. The problem now becomes the LCR meter
readings accuracy, as this is a low end of inductance
measurement, and does not correspond the what
mathematical Wheeler equation type predictions yield.
If the primary were operated with all five winds
in agreement the Wavetech LCR meter reads 32.7 uH, and
for the central wind being opposite it reads 17 uH.
The intention here is to employ the arc gap IN SERIES
with the central winding, or within the primary coil
itself and not external to the coil as other designs
dictate. The midpoint open circuit break LCR C
reading seems high; .472 nf, perhaps the superglue has
a high dielectric constant.
Note: I once actually ran 480 hz alternator current across a coil having this LCR meter across it, and it now reads values at least 16 times the actual inductance value, so this explains the above deviance and I would suspect that a value near 1 uH may be the case for all  13 winds in agreement.
      Now the problem becomes comparisons to
formulas. Using an average between 18 in. and 20.5
in. diameter as the pentagons closest and farthest
pts. and the formula
Uh= .8(R^2N^2)/[6R+9L+10B]
Where dimensions given in inches are used and have the
values
R = 9.625 in
L = 2 in.
B = 2 in

I arrive at a value just under 1 uH, about a 33 fold
error according to LCR meter.

Understand here that the L and B terms would be the same 2 in. value
if I instead had 9 winds,(the formula is designed for a square array,
not a lateral cross as explained below) the windings using these
square aluminum tubing segments of 1 ft would still have a 2 inch
height and width parameters value if instead it were a square array,
but pictured here with only five winds is that same 9 square array,
but since the four corner windings are missing, we only are using 5
winds. The four outer winds surround the central wind in both a
vertical and horizontal manner. The four outer winds are in series,
but before the fifth wind is added an arc gap is placed before the
fifth wind is added in series. Thus prior to arc gap firing the
assembly is simply a "3 dimensional" capacitor made with the all
four surface areas of the central wind as one of the plates, and the
opposite plate areas become those adjacent surface areas of outer
winds 1-4, (this of course only uses 1/4 of those available surface
areas which would be increased when more diagonal layered windings are
added.) The idea here is to keep adding windings in a DIAGONALLY
layered fashion, until a usable inductance is achieved for a proper
length secondary: thus an inverted conical type of primary, for both
the outside windings and the central wind which will always have
windings surrounding it on both a horizontal and vertical manner to
establish an internal capacity to be used in the resonance formula.

Postnote: As I have earlier indicated this assembly, if the inductance were known might prove for some interesting receiving multi-loop antennae experiments, but I doubt if any practical use as a solitary primary can be had, because of arcing across the corners that occurred.  I might try using it  in conjunction with a smaller 3.5 in. radius primary of 11 turns having an inductance of 10.5 uh by Wheelers formula.  This appears to give 4 in arcing to ground with a 2 ft secondary using .02 uF. I calculate that to be a resonant freq just under 350 khz.  But if the much wider pentagonal array of 13 winds were 1/10 the inductance at a value near 1 uh, the proper load capacity would simply be a value 10 times higher then the primary capacity value of .02 uf or .2 uf, a fairly large capacity for these circumstances and a value quite higher then the measured internal capacity values in the nf levels. 

Sincerely HDN
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