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Re: (Fwd) Re: Formula for self C of a Coil (not Medhurst)
Hi Malcolm and all,
Some of the points raised here have been answered in a different post
titled:
Determination of the propagation parameters in a helical coil.
If the analysis is correct it shows how circuit analysis can produce an
relatively accurate answer.
It also shows that it produces a similar answer to Medhurst and why i.e. In
fact the coil I used for comparison was one of yours. But please note I do
not suggest this proves how a coil resonates any more than the Medhurst
calculation does. It just shows that the circuit laws apply and Medhurst
shows that an empirical relationship applies.
I have read Medhurst paper and I am reasonable confident he is refereing to
isolated coils with one end connected to ground via a connection wire.
(perhaps my post on that got lost).
There are also some responses to the thread below not other wise covered.
>Original Poster: "Malcolm Watts" <malcolm.watts-at-wnp.ac.nz>
>
>
>Hi Robert,
> Sorry for the delay in replying. I was going to do some
>measurements on one of my coils for you but as you'll see later in
>this post, I realised you would end up with the same figures you are
>disputing:
>
>> Original Poster: "Robert Jones" <alwynj48-at-earthlink-dot-net>
>>
>> Hi Malcolm and all,
>>
>> Malcolm can you check what Medhurst assumes for the ground to coil
>> separation and post it please.
>
>I think Antonio might have answered that one? If not, I'll go through
>Medhurst's paper which I dug out last night. Actually - Bart says he
>has it online so you might want to access it directly.
>
>> >Original Poster: "Malcolm Watts" <malcolm.watts-at-wnp.ac.nz>
>> >
>> >Hi Robert,
>> > I'm sure you will love what I'm about to say (maybe ;) :
>>
>> I would not put it as strongly as that. I know circuit laws will prevail.
>> In fact you can use a lumped view of how a coil resonates to
>> show that Medhirst C is not the self C(true or sheet C) of the coil.
>
>:) I was going to do exactly this for you but you'll see that it will not
>give
>you your expected result.
>
>A method of measuring a parallel tuned circuit is to connect an AC
>current source across it, measure FR and then knowing L, calculate
>C. So what I'd planned to do was connect such a source across a
>grounded resonator. But you can see that I will end up with the
>same result as Medhurst does. Since a current source has an
>impedance hopefully much higher than that of the coil, you are
>essentially measuring the resonator with no loading on it. That to my
>mind would give the same result as base feeding it from a voltage
>source, yes?
I agree. But its not what you measure with an LC bridge on an isolated
coil.
>
>> > I read about your low frequency measurement. One might call
>> >this the sheet capacitance of the coil. Problem is: the resonator is
>> >not a sheet of metal at the frequencies we are using it.
>>
>> I prefer the term C or self C i.e the C you measure, just like the L
>> that you measure which is also distributed. It then has the same
>> definition as the C and L of the majority of other components.
>> I suggest med C for Medhursts C and res C for the C derived
>> from the L and Fr so they are distinguished from the C you measure
>> with a LC bridge. This may help to avoid confusion with the
>> equations. However what we call it is not that important just as
>> long as we agree on the terms and definitions.
>
>Yes. I think that in determining the true C of the resonator, it *must*
>be grounded at one end. To not do so is to turn it into a different
>animal. That is easily verified - its oscillatory mode changes.
Yes I agree it changes the apparent C or equivalent parallel C
which is also dependent on the mode.
But how does the resonance mode change the intrinsic C of the
coil i.e. the C you measure with an LC bridge or sheet C ?
Or are we still talking about different Cs?
Perhaps this will help. Imagine you cut a very fine slot down one side of
the coil so each turn is isolated. Then with the coil isolated you apply
the
same voltage to all the turns via a picoamp meter and measure the current.
You could then calculate the C of each turn. For a close wound coil the
sum would be almost equal to the self capacitance of a hollow cylinder with
the same dimensions as the coil. It would also be equal to the self C you
measure at low frequencies with an LC bridge on an intact ungrounded coil.
You can also refer each turn C to one end and get approximately med C.
ie 1/3 for very short coils. and more for long (now not certain about long
coils)
(only valid for one end grounded coils and low frequencies)
Did that help?
>
> Aside - I think the device should be regarded as unique in its
>own right. It is not a uniform line and it is not a lumped circuit
>although it exhibits some properties of both. I think Bert put it well
>when spoke of the wave/particle conundrum. It is like trying to
>assign known models to a foreign object and hence the paradoxes
>arise.
I dont want to go over old ground but what paradox?
Which circuit law is violated and how?
>
>> The object was a point check on the equation for the C. Previously
>> LC bridge measurements had been criticised due to the effect of L.
>> The C of the coil will be very close to the C of cylinder (hollow).
>
>I think Antonio answered that when he explained that grounding the
>base shorts out the base - earth capacitance.
Not true expect for the first turn.
>
>> >Is the object of this exercise to model it from DC - light?
>>
>> I offered a coupled transmission line model in response to a statement
that
>> no transmission model could resonate at the correct frequency without
>> unrealistic large values of L and C. So the initial object was to show
that
>> was not correct. The object of my analysis was to show how the lumped
>> equation produces the right answer and the transmission line does not.
>> It turned out to be the other way round so the circuit laws are correct.
>
>I think that is in dispute.
Well I guess if you never thought that med C was true self C (C you
measure with an LC bridge) or you have not tried true self C with the
TM equations it is hard to believe. It certainly surprised me.
>There is a distributed model that is
>something of a hybrid between lumped and Tx line that does work
>using the sum of the distributed capacitance and the sum of the
>distributed inductance. I have not found that an equal section
>artificial line works in this way. I built a number of lines to check
>this, each with different component graduations including equal L
>and C sections. The one that worked went something like this:
>
>gnd - 100mH --- 50mH -- 25mH -- 12.5mH -- 6.25mH -- 3.125mH
> 5pF 10pF 20pF 40pF 80pF
>160pF
>gnd------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
I would suggest its difficult to build a component model and get the mutual
inductance right. You could try the real values (the L, Lm and C you measure
with an LLmC bridge) in a simulation and see what happens. I can now supply
the true L and true mutual L for a coil. Terry or I can supply the true C.
There is a potential problem as the coupling function is inversely
proportional to the cube of the separation. So to model it accurately you
need
a large number of sections. There are ways round that but then you are
relying on more analysis which may be disputed.
I guess it depends on what you want the model to show, slow wave behaviour
or ???
>
>All lines I tried were seven section (h'ware limitations). This is the
>model that I submitted to the Corums for their consideration.
> However, I now think that this model is not valid as it would
>exhibit a phase shift of 90 degrees between the input and output
>voltages. ?? (Can someone with SPICE running please give it a whirl?)
>Reason - it lacks the turn-turn coupling of the real thing.
>
>> > What does Tx line modelling have to say about using such
>> >capacitance figures?
>>
>> I don't understand this question.
>
>Well, what capacitance did you use in your Tx line model?
>Medhurst's or something else?
I used true self C in my analysis.
>
>> > How are you going to distribute it?
>>
>> I will differentiated the C equation wrt to length to obtain the
>> distribution function of C with length. Terry's program may provide
>> the same thing (if he mods it) and hence a cross check.
>> You also need the distribution function for L and coupling.
>> Incidentally looking at Medhurst C it appears to be for an isolated
>> coil so it will have large errors for typical coils.
>
>It doesn't (if you take L and F as measured and assume the C you
>calculate is the real one). I have measured dozens of coils like this.
I checked a coil example you gave it was approx 13% error for C and 7% for
F.
Ok not large but significant. I had assumed this was a ground plain effect.
The question of the ground plain effect is very important.
I suggest we leave it to an other thread.
>
>> >me that using such a figure makes the L/C ratio far less favourable
>> >than it already is. Can you really use a "lumped" inductance figure
>> >with any degree of validity in a Tx line model (we must now
>> >remember that it has capacitance distributed over it so perhaps it is
>> >just as "incorrect" as the sheet value of capacitance).
>>
>> What I have suggested is using a distributed L and coupling that has a
total
>> equal to the L of the coil. ie If you measure the model L or C it will
have
>> the same L and C as the real coil. The effect of the distribution is
solved
>> either by the simulation model or the analysis
>>
>> >That has been my feeling for years too but perhaps we are now
>> >heading into apples and oranges territory. For a long time I have
>> >regarded Medhurst's formula as a *useful recipe*, not a definitive
>> >work but again that presupposes that the coil is actually a solid
cylinder
>> >at the frequencies of interest. One can see an immediate difficulty if
>> >one tries to use Fr to derive a value for Cself. Since Cself is
distributed
>> >over inductance one is effectively trying to measure portions of it via
>> >portions of an inductance............. This also throws into doubt the
use
>> >of the
>> >energy equation *based on the use of Medhurst's Cs* to derive a
>> >maximum figure for Vs. Perhaps it is overly optimistic?
>>
>> Yes and no. If you use med C because its lower it will be optimistic but
if
>> you use it in lumped model it will be pessimistic because in the real
case
>> the voltage is distributed.
>> >
>> > What are we now to make of the capacitance of the top terminal?
>> >We know that it is part shielded by the coil itself and we also know
that
>> >filling
>> >in a toroid makes virtually no difference to its capacitance (or at
least
>> >to the coil
>> >operating frequency).
>> >. What do your transmission line models predict for
>> >output voltages and how do these compare with COE voltages for a
>> >lumped model *IF the resonator ends up with a fixed amount of
>> >energy in it in both cases*?.
>>
>> I will let you know when I have a model and I find out what COE means.
>
>Conservation of energy - sorry.
That is interesting. All circuit laws comply, but empirical relationships
may not.
>> You don't need a transmission line model. just distribute the energy
>> according to the voltage profile between the distributed C and Top C.
>>
>> Presumable if a transmission line model has the correct C and L it will
>> predict the correct V. As you suggest there is a problem with the C
between
>> the top load and coil. However as the top load and the top of the coil
are
>> at the same voltage the error will be small.
>> Using Terry's program (without a voltage profile) the accurate self C of
>> topload (normally assumed to be an isolated sphere) and the distributed
coil
>> to topload C can be determined for any model or analysis.
>
>The top hat is far from being isolated though.
I agree. That is what I was trying to express.
>
>Regards,
>Malcolm
>
>------- End of forwarded message -------
>
>