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Re: [TCML] Topload imperfections



Em 10/07/2014 13:42, Carl escreveu:
Hey--

A sphere will break down at a voltage of 30,000 * r(cm) at sea level. A cylinder of the same radius will break down at twice the voltage, if you can protect the ends. The toroid neatly eliminates the end problem by eliminating the ends, and the breakdown voltage will be the same as the cylinder it's made from, minus a small kludge constant due to the major curvature. So a toroid of 3" small diameter will break down at a little lower than 300,000 volts at sea level. At higher altitudes, subtract 10% from the breakdown voltage for every 2200 feet of altitude ASL up to about two miles high. When any kind of breakout point is used, it's Katie bar the door.

Trying some calculations of toroid breakdown voltage using the exact formulas implemented in the INCA program:
Minor diameter: 0.1 m
Major diameter (m) and breakout voltage (kV):
  0.200   226.21
   0.400   328.92
   0.600   400.64
   0.800   455.32
   1.000   499.23
   1.200   535.75
   1.400   566.93
   1.600   594.05
   1.800   618.01
   2.000   639.43
   10.00  951.80
   100.0 1337.91
   1000  1691.80
By the rule of 6000r kV, the breakdown voltage would be of 600 kV. Reasonable for a wide toroid, exact for a 16.48x1 toroid.

About smoothing of irregularities, I imagine that the cause is ionized air around the irregularities.

Antonio Carlos M. de Queiroz

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