Re: [TCML] high frequency wave propagation along secondary coils

[David Thomson <tcbuilder@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

Hi Steve,

Standard TC theory looks only at the structure of the coil.  However, the
dynamic operation of a coil has two other important factors.  There is the
ambient field and construction of the room, which under normal conditions
is not a problem, and there is the structure of the electrons themselves.

In standard theory, the electron is treated as a point particle with no
inherent structure of its own.

In my own research, I have found the quantification for, and the evidence
to support, a quantum structure for the electron.  The structure of the
electron is a toroid (as many other researchers have deduced) and has a
bipolar magnetic charge as well as an electrostatic charge orientation.
 When these factors are taken into consideration, the ideal shape of the
secondary coil is not a cylinder, but rather a flared cone with the point
toward the top load and the flare toward the ground.

This allows the electron to expand in its magnetic component when it is
near ground, and the electron to stack in its electrostatic component when
it is near the top load.

There is not only a wave going from the top of the coil to the bottom of
the coil, but there is also a radial wave going from the inside of the coil
to the outside of the coil.  The cylinder design does not allow the
electrons to radially expand and contract in their current and potential
phases, as they would like to do.  This can create a standing wave of
current peak somewhere near the 22.5% distance from the bottom of the coil
or a potential peak 22.5% below the top load, depending upon coil
parameters.

If I remember correctly, the function for the cone is f(x) = x^-1 * sin(x +
1).  It should look like a long trumpet.

I also have had success by simply adding a proportionally small flat spiral
coil to the bottom of the cylinder secondary.  In this case, I make the
cylinder rather narrow and tall and connect it directly to the inner
winding of the flat spiral coil.  The primary coil is designed to induce to
the outer windings of the flat spiral coil.  The flat spiral and tall
solenoid coil together make up the secondary coil.

Several years ago, there was an engineer in San Diego who offered to use
his computerized lathe to build me such a flared cone coil for my
experimentation.  He built the coil form and sent pictures, but never sent
the form.  I suspect he found it to be quite successful and ran off to make
his own fortunes, as often happens when I help people invent things.

Dave

On Fri, Sep 21, 2012 at 2:10 PM, Steve Ward <steve.ward@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:

> Hi List,
>
> Im hoping to get some minds to check my thinking here on a problem I'm
> encountering on a job.  Lets get down to what im thinking about:
>
> During a ground discharge, the voltage at the topload has been
> measured to collapse within 100nS (worst case) and 250nS (more
> typical).  This measurement was just a simple scope probe in the air
> to look at the changing E-field.  So, what happens during this event
> is a wave front propagates down from the top of the coil.  I suspect
> this wavefront eventually "crashes" into the base of the coil,
> applying some over-voltage to the bottom end of the coil due to the
> fact that its a very abrupt change in impedance (in terms of TL
> theory, its like a short).  Sort of like waves in water, the presence
> of land causes the wavefront to steepen as they come to shore, rather
> than simply reflecting off a wall.
>
> Now, the capacitance from end to end of the secondary (including the
> capacitance from the topload to the coil) should essentially provide
> dispersion, making this wave-front not so steep, but i dont have the
> time or mental capacity to work out how big of an effect this is.  So
> I tried my hand at getting a rough estimate of what distance this
> wavefront might exist over.  So to figure out this length, i figured
> out the propagation speed assuming the secondary capacitance was
> evenly distributed along the coil, and using the coil's self
> inductance.  The Cself (from java TC) is 12pF (12.75x46" winding), and
> the Lsec is ~306mH.  If i use:
>
> VF = 1/(c*sqrt(LC))
>
> i get a propagation constant of .001739c (really SLOW!), or 521853m/s.
>  For a 100nS long wavefront, this should take up a length of just
> 5.2cm (about 2").  Of course, dispersion probably makes this distance
> considerably longer, but as i said, i have no idea how much it helps.
> By the way, i used to design high-speed kicker magnets, so I'm fairly
> familiar with transmissions lines and their non-ideal behaviors
> (though its been awhile).
>
> So, my question:  Does my line of thinking make sense?  Could ground
> strikes responsible for damaging secondary coils right near the bottom
> of the winding?  Has the TSSP project looked into what happens during
> ground arc events (step inputs at the top end of the coil)?
>
> Anyway, the "problem" is that ive got a coil here that developed a
> shorted turn right at the bottom 3/4" of the winding, which is
> something ive never had happen before.  There is a generous 2"
> clearance between primary and secondary so i dont think it was a
> flashover that caused it.  Im basically trying to rule out if its a
> fundamental problem (due to this HV wavefront theory) or simply
> defective materials.
>
> One idea i think is worth exploring would be space winding the bottom
> portion of the coil.  This would provide possibly a softer transition
> in impedance, and would also allow for insulation between turns making
> it much more robust to turns shorting out.
>
> Other than this single failure, the other machines (7 other identical
> ones) have been quite well behaved, though we did have flashovers from
> the strike rail to the lower portion of the secondary coil (maybe also
> related to my suggested HV wavefront theory).  I should mention, we
> had to use spherical toploads (33" diameter) instead of conventional
> toroids, i suspect this doesnt help matters.
>
> TCML archive searches havent been very helpful on this topic (maybe im
> picking the wrong words).  This cant possibly be the first time
> someone has asked about such phenomena.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Steve Ward
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