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Re: [TCML] mmc cap protection by spark-gaps-any ideas?




On Aug 19, 2008, at 10:08 AM, S&JY wrote:

Ray, all,

Yes, for DC applications, like power supply filter caps in series, the
resistors certainly do help equalize the voltages across each cap. Thus
they do add some protection to the caps.

I hope by implication you got my point that connecting capacitors in series to achieve a given d.c. working voltage is/was considered a bad practice. The use of the resistors was just to compensate for some of the makeshift technical work-a-round or lack of funds.


But in TC usage, the voltage across the series strings of caps is RF,
changing polarity on the order of 100,000 times per second.  In this
situation, the RC time constant for a bleeder resistor across an MMC cap is so large (seconds)in comparison to the roughly ten microsecond cycle time
that the resistors will do practically nothing to equalize the voltage
across the caps.

What has the frequency got to do with any thing? By place a resistor across a capacitor you have created the equivalent of a capacitor with a low leakage resistance. If you apply an a.c. voltage to a parallel circuit consisting of a capacitor and a resistor, the instantaneous voltage is the same across both elements.


So in Tesla Coil usage, the bleeder resistors are there as just ONE of the protections against dangerous shocks, NOT to protect the caps. But as you say, that should not be relied as the ONLY means of preventing shocks and electrocution. The cap bank should ALWAYS be discharged manually with a
shorting wand or equivalent before handling the caps.  If there are no
bleeder resistors on the MMC array, then to be absolutely safe, each
individual cap should be discharged manually as well.

When you say bleeder resistors are there as one of the safety devices and that is a reason for them being there, your logic completely escapes me. Safety is a very incidental factor. There is no such thing as a non dangerous shock. Given the right circumstances any shock can kill you. You are right. Before you put your grubby little fingers on a capacitor in the MMC you should discharge it manually.

I highly recommend adding resistors across caps in an MMC as one of several human safety precautions. Cap protection is achieved by using caps of all the same type and having an ample voltage margin, e.g. run the caps at 1/2
or 1/3 of their DC ratings.

I have no issue with the desirability of the resistors or any other circuit details of the MMC. My issue is giving some one the idea that just because there are resistors across capacitors it is safe to touch them. It just isn't. The d.c. working voltage of the capacitors is beside the point.

There are many on this list who have never had any experience with anything before solid state and its typical low voltage. Tesla coils are a different thing entirely in that all voltages encountered are typically lethal. I don't think any one intends to give the idea that bleeder resistors are a fail safe device. They won't be until some one invents one that has a direct short failure mode.

Ray


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