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Re: Power factor correction



Original poster: "Mike" <mike.marcum@xxxxxxxxxxxx>

Mine has a ratio of 454.54:1 (measured by putting 14400v on the sec. from a pt and got 31.68v on the primary). It came from a 150 kV x-ray machine, so unrectified that sounds about right (100 kV ac with 220 in unloaded). Right now it's putting out 38 kV dry, but only because I'm keeping the ladder gap at 1.5" at the bottom. Open it more and it arcs from 1 of the outer field-shaping foils around an insulating barrier (plastic and kraft paper) to the core (nearly 2"). Before I oil it I'm going to reinforce it with kapton tape wherever I can and keep my fingers crossed that layer to layer breakdown doesn't happen (probably pressing my luck as is with only dry paper between layers, unless there's mylar in there too or something, can't see in there to tell). Not sure about motors, but any current-limited transformer with crappy voltage regulation will have a lousy power factor. Nst's have around .5-.6 without a cap, which means the voltage drops to 50-60% of open-circuit voltage with a dead short (jacob's ladder). Otherwise the only limiter will be the load or the internal resistance of the windings and small leakage inductance (huge current in a dead short, esp. with pigs that have a low % impedance). I've noticed those spikes to with the analog meter on my variac. Every arc bounces the meter from 83v to 110ish. Sounds like it gets worse with increasing voltage. Hopefully the pfc will tame that a bit.

Mike
----- Original Message ----- From: "Tesla list" <tesla@xxxxxxxxxx>
To: <tesla@xxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Wednesday, June 21, 2006 2:26 PM
Subject: RE: Power factor correction


Original poster: "J. Aaron Holmes" <jaholmes@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

I've heard (though I may be wrong) that the PF of a
Jacob's ladder isn't that bad, since it's a short
circuit.  Isn't PF a bigger issue for large but
lightly-loaded transformers, motors, etc.?  Now I'm
gonna have to go do a bunch of reading...damn!! :-))

The biggest problem I've observed with large Jacob's
ladders is the voltage spikes created every time the
arc breaks and returns to the bottom.  You need a big
cap in *parallel* with the transformer, or you can
damage your home wiring and any plugged-in electronic
devices pretty easily.  These spikes are also hard on
the transformer's insulation, but I've never heard of
a pig dying this way.  At 15kVA, my pig was generating
600V (peak) spikes every time the arc broke!  When I
saw that on the scope, I stopped playing with large
Jacob's ladders :-(

At 15kVA, my pig-based ladder didn't go "bzzzz" at
all.  It made a very warm 60Hz tone that you could
"feel".  The output was a pure white, totally opaque
flame.  This was 14.7kV at nearly an amp.  I'm
guessing the sound has a lot more to do with current
than voltage, but I could be wrong about that.  I'm
thinking that an x-ray tranny will be more "bzzzz",
but a much longer initial arc (probably won't stretch
much, though, due to low current).  I've been told,
however, that x-ray trannies tend to ofen have high
open-circuit voltages (above their rating), and that
running them full-bore in a Jacob's ladder-type setup
can cause them to flash over internally and croak.
Anybody want to confirm or deny that?  I have the
opportunity to pick up an x-ray tranny, but they've
always sounded a bit fragile to me.

Regards,
Aaron, N7OE

--- Tesla list <tesla@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:

> Original poster: "Dave Halliday" <dh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>
> He is not talking "modest"
>
> Your Jacobs Ladder makes a nice bzzzzzzrt,
> bzzzzzzrt, bzzzzzzrt sound
> (at 3,000 Watts) while I bet that his sounds like a
> large wolverine in
> heat. I have one from a 15KV 60MA (9,000 Watts) neon
> transformer that
> sounds wonderful and I can only imagine what
> something running at 34KW
> would be like.
>
>
>
>  > -----Original Message-----
>  > From: Tesla list [mailto:tesla@xxxxxxxxxx]
>  > Sent: Tuesday, June 20, 2006 8:37 PM
>  > To: tesla@xxxxxxxxxx
>  > Subject: Re: Power factor correction
>  >
>  >
>  > Original poster: Skip Malley
> <skip@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>  >
>  > Am I missing something?
>  >
>  > An ideal transformer for a modest Jacob's ladder
> is an oil burner
>  > transformer of the 10KV / 30mA type.  To do a
> Jacob's ladder thing,
>  > that is the best XFMR to use.  For that, there
> also is no need for
>  > ballasting.  An oil burner transformer is
> designed to produce a
>  > continuous spark.
>  >
>  > Any Jacob's ladder that I have made draws about 3
> amps from the 120V
>  > AC line with NO ballasting using an oil burner
> transformer.
>  >
>  > An X-Ray transformer is the wrong transformer for
> your application.
>  >
>  > Skip
>  >
>  > At 07:26 PM 6/19/2006, you wrote:
>  > >Original poster: "Mike"
> <mike.marcum@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
>  > >
>  > >I was making a Jacob's ladder with a
> dialed-down/ballasted x-ray
>  > >transformer (83v 41A in atm, limited by the 30A
> breaker and dry atm
>  > >'till I build a tank and vacuum it, ebay special
> so was shipped ups
>  > >dry to save shipping). Close to 38kV and 90 mA
> out (making a
>  > >mean-looking 12" arc). I wanted to power factor
> correct this so I
>  > >can pull more current without popping the
> breaker (or frying my 20A
>  > >variac). What I don't know is what the starting
> pf is without
>  > >measuring it (good pf DMM's I've seen are
> $250+). Most nst's use .5
>  > >as a rule of thumb for correcting those. Could
> this setup be
>  > >considered as a big nst? If so I think I need
> 1526uF that won't
>  > >change as the current/voltage go up as long as
> the ballast stays the
>  > >same (unless I goofed on the math somewhere).
>  > >
>  > >PS - The ballast is 2 E cores from old C & H
> sales 4500v
>  > >transformers with about 5 lbs 10awg and 2"
> spacers (draws like 8A at
>  > >83V with no gap) between them if that makes a
> difference.
>  > >
>  > >Mike
>  >
>  >
>  >
>  >
>  >
>
>
>