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Re: 20 joules at 100 bps vs 4 joules at 500 bps

Original poster: stork <stork@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Hello Gerry,

Your points are well taken. Referring to Maxwell's theory, in order to satisfy Amperes current law there must be a closed loop circuit, alternating current (time variable only, not static electric or DC current) and the "dispalcement current" only occurs in dielectrics such as capacitors (not in conductors). The dispalcement current is in the same direction and nearly the same phase as conduction currents. Since its a series close loop circuit, the conduction and dispalcement current should be the same current and energy wise. Of course, things are rarely black or white and there are semiconductors. But, for arguements sake, we generally use either conductors or capacitors.

Your experiment of detaching the secondary from the toroid at break out is an excellent one. Believe it or not, it can easily be carried out.

Here's how: Suspend your toroid by three nylon strings from the celing. Get a rough idea of what the voltage break out should be. Then use some form of electrostatic generator and charge the toroid from above to just under break out voltage. There are several methods to monitor the rising ES field between the toroid and its earth reference. Make sure you are well insulated from the metal rod first, then carefully approach the side of the toroid with a grounded metal rod and induce an arc. You can also measure both the discharge AC waveforms in both the grounding rod conductor and an ES time variant field between the toroid and earth.

In essence, you've created a closed loop circuit with AC conduction current through the arc channel (movement of charged particles). There is a large air dielectric capacitor created between the toroid and earth which is part of the circuit loop. A varying ES field (electrodynamic more precisely) may be measured between the toroid and earth. This is a longitudinaly varying electric field and, as pointed out by Paul, this may be misinterpreted by some to be Teslas longitudinal radiation. Some may call it a "displacement current".

So far, all this seems to pass the criteria for Maxwell's current equation. How about displacement current varying between the toroid and earth? Maxwell's dispalcement current is a true current measured in amperes, right? Electric currents do produce magnetic fields, right?

So here is the opportunity to measure magnetic fields in a huge dielectric area between the suspended toroid and earth. A good Hall based magnetometer can measure both DC and AC magnetic fields in cases like this.

Terry, do you have any experience building hall magnetometers for hobbyist? I've looked for them, but it seems there are no plans or schematics available. The better commercial ones are very expensive.

Stork





Tesla list wrote:
Original poster: "Gerry Reynolds" <gerryreynolds@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Hi Stork,
Displacement current density is the time dirivative of the displacement field (D) and is in the direction of the E field (for isotropic media). D=permittivity*E and is normally associated with dialectrics, yes. A conductor (non superconducting material) will have some resistance and some E field in the direction of the conduction path (assuming current flow). What I dont know is if there is some small permittivity associated with the conductor (probably not), but if so, this might suggest some small displacement current in the conductor. Many dialectics have some conduction or leakage so there are gray areas.
However, this is not what I was refering to. The capacitance of the toroid is distributed spacially to ground and is charged (non ionized air is the dialectric). As the toroid is discharged thru the streamer (the conduction path), the voltage on the toroid is reduced and hence there is a change in D and a displacement current results (again spacially distributed about the toroid).
Gerry R.

Original poster: stork <stork@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Friends,

Another huge mistake in the categorization of the so called displacement current.

Displacement currents only occur in dielectrics.

Never do displacement currents occur in conductors. The do not occur in metal conductors or plasma arcs or streamers. If a charge particle is capable of moving in a conductor then by definition it's not displacement current. Once charge particles, such as electrons or ions, are capable of moving in a streamer or arc channel then the resultant current is just plain old EM current.

Stork