Hi Terry, <snip> > If anybody has any suggestion or improvements to these calcs... I have two > other life calculations for Dv/Dt and Temperature but they are REALLY > guesses :-) They are in the MathCad docs: I think it is fair to assume that quality control in manufacture will mean the caps are roughly equal starters in the race. I think it's also fair to assume that if one has demised, others are on the way. ? Malcolm