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Airblast gap



[ Note: While this message does contain an encoded image, the size
  is small enough that it shouldn't cause problems for anyone.
  -- Chip]


This gap offers several advantages over many of the gaps I have
studied. It frees the coil up from any electrical utility
required when fans or blowers are used on a static gap. This is
also true when a rotary gap system has been used with a neon
transformer power supply, as this gap can replace a rotary in
this application and give better performance. This gap has very
high Q and gives extremely low quench times. The performance of
this gap on coils powered by neon sign transformers is second to
none. If you run neons, and you want the longest spark at any
cost, then this is the gap for you.

The system consists of two electrodes cut from 1 inch brass bar
stock. The electrodes are 1-1/2 inches long by 1 inch diameter.
The back side is machined one inch deep to accept a 3/8 inch
threaded brass dowel. The face of the electrodes are flat and
polished. The electrodes weigh 4 & 3/4 ounces each and sink a lot
of heat without requiring cooling fins. Beneath the gap, I
mounted a 1/2" ID pipe fitted with a standard male air coupling
at one end. I hook the air feed pipe to a two-stage piston air
compressor, and using a regulator, blow 20 psi (minimum) of air
through the gap electrodes from the bottom up. It quenches
extremely well.

With the arc shielded during operation, the compressed air blows
a clearly visible jet of hot ions upwards from between the gap.
The flame extends one to two inches high. Even after 15 minutes
of operation at 2 kw, the electrodes are barely warm to the
touch.

This configuration offers several advantages:

(1) Gap distance can be adjusted precisely and quickly by
rotating the electrodes on the threaded rod, as opposed to most
multiple and quench gaps. (2) Higher power can be accommodated
simply by increasing the air feed pressure (or CFM). (3) A single
pair of strong magnets can be mounted on either side of the brass
gap to assist quenching at even higher powers by dispersing ions
away from the arc and into the high speed airstream. (4) The
electrodes can be quickly removed for examination and/or cleaning
without disassembly of the gap. My electrodes require a light
burnishing with #1200 sandpaper after every hour of operation.
The procedure takes less than 5 minutes.

Using a diaphragm compressor, it is not necessary to regulate the
output. Just hook up and run the compressor flat out. The lower
output (CFM) of the diaphragm compressor reduces quenching, but
can be overcome by using an old portable propane tank in series
as a holding tank. A full tank of air will supply air flow for
quenching at higher power.

This gap hisses like a large snake when the air feed is turned
on. When you hit your power switch and feed juice to the coil
this gap will take off. The noise is similar to a chain saw run
full throttle without a muffler. Indoors, hearing protection is a
must. Outdoors, your neighbors are sure to complain!

*****************************************************************

Quoting Jerry Biehler <jbiehler-at-TELEPORT.COM>:

> I was wondering if anone has tried making an air quenched spark
> gap by moving air throught the center of one of the sparkgap
> electrodes. Here is a rough ASCII drawing...

        --------I   I------------I
        I       I   I            I---------
        I       I   I------------I---------
        I       I    <- Air <- <- <- <- <-
        I       I   I------------I---------
        I       I   I            I---------
        --------I   I------------I
            ^     ^     ^
            I    Gap    I
            I           I
       Electrode    Electrode

************************************************************

Good drawing. This exact gap goes all the way back to spark gap
radios. This same gap is pictured on page 84 of Duane Bylund's
book: MODERN TESLA COIL THEORY, Duane A. Bylund, 1990, Tesla Book
Co., no ISBN or Lib. of Congress No, paperback 142pp. Available
from Tesla bookdealers and the author: Duane A. Bylund, 140 S.
700 E., Spanish Fork, Utah 84660 USA.

I have a fair amount of experience running air blast gaps in the
multi-kilowatt range. I found my best design when I purchased
some solid brass utility door knobs at the hardware store and
drilled the backs all the way thru to the face (which was used
for the electrode surface). With two of these faced off and air
injected thru the face of both electrodes, I discovered some very
interesting effects.

Apparently the smooth curved surface of the electrode exhibits
some aerodynamic properties when high speed air is flowing over
it, much like an airplane wing. This causes a physical sheering
force which acts on the plasma channel and effectively quenches
the gap. Borrowing from your ASCII art work:


              .-*           *-.
             |    *       *    |
        ------------*   *--------------
         -> Air ->         <- Air <-
        ------------*   *--------------
             |    *       *    |
              '-*          *-'
                      ^
                     GAP

What I am trying to show are a couple of small, solid brass,
utility door knobs available in most large hardware stores for
around $4.00 each. I did not show the flanges where these knobs
mount flush against the flat surface of the door. The center air
shaft is NOT drawn to scale, and in fact would be about the same
diameter are the pre-drilled and tapped holes used to mount the
knobs in their conventional applications. I just drill the
existing holes right on thru the face of the brass knob.

Another advantage to the curved surface: the gap breaks down
right near the air injection port. Turbulence and shear caused by
the air moving over the curved surfaces then forces the arc to
the edges of the electrode, which assists in quenching because
this is forcing the arc into the widest part of the gap.

I have been very pleased with my test results of this design. The
gap seems to take advantage of several methods of quenching:
direct cooling from high speed air; wind shears and turbulence
(pressure changes) caused by high speed air moving over curved
surfaces; and the physical stretching of the arc as it moves into
the widest section of the gap.

Richard Quick


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#```[
``
end